 Oxycodone
is a potent and potentially addictive
opioid analgesic medication synthesized
from
thebaine.
Its name is derived from
codeine
- the chemical structures are very
similar, differing only in that the
hydrogen on the codeine is oxidised to a
hydroxyl group, hence 'oxy' and the
hydroxyl group from the codeine becomes
a ketone group, hence oxycodone.
Oxycodone chemical formula is , with a
half life of 3 - 4.5 hours.
It is effective orally and is marketed
in combination with aspirin (Percodan,
Endodan, Roxiprin) or paracetamol/acetaminophen
(Percocet, Endocet, Roxicet, Tylox) for
the relief of pain. More recently,
ibuprofen has been added to oxycodone (Combunox).
It is also sold in a sustained-release
form by Purdue Pharma under the trade
name OxyContin as well as generic
equivalents, and instant-release forms
Endone, OxyIR, OxyNorm, Percolone,
OxyFAST, and Roxicodone. The chemical
structure of oxycodone is the
methylether of oxymorphone:
3-methyl-oxymorphone. It could also be
described as 14-hydroxy-codeinone. It is
principally supplied as its
hydrochloride salt: oxycodone
hydrochloride.
Oxycodone can be administered orally,
intranasally, via
intravenous/intramuscular/subcutaneous
injection, or rectally. The
bioavailability of intranasal
administration averages between 46-47%,
but can be as much as 75%. Oral
oxycodone is the most efficient means of
administration, having an absorption of
60-87%. Rectal administration yields the
same results. Injecting oxycodone will
result in a stronger effect and quicker
onset. |
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